Autism Prevalence Needs Explanation
February 10, 2025
Autism Prevalence Needs Explanation
by Jack Kittredge
Many of us are related to children with autism. A friend recommended an excellent podcast questioning that condition’s rate of increase over the last 50 years. The rate is stunning. Fifty years ago it was 1 child in 10,000. Today it is one child in 33. We think this is very unusual and would like to see it investigated.
The podcast guest, Toby Rogers, got his doctorate studying this rate of increase. He looked at genetic factors, greater diagnostic awareness, and the changing definitions of the disorder over that period. None could reasonably account for such an increase. It is a fascinating podcast and can be accessed here.
Interested, I followed up a lead from the talk and located a very recently published (January, 2025) study of over 47,000 9-year-old children on Medicaid in Florida. It was quite detailed but very readable. Here is a quote from that study concerning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) suggesting an association with childhood vaccinations: “Increasing numbers of vaccinations were associated with significantly increased risks of ASD. Children with just one vaccination visit were 1.7 times more likely to have been diagnosed with ASD than the unvaccinated, whereas those with 11 or more visits were 4.4 times more likely to have been diagnosed with ASD than those with no visit. The increasing risk of ASD associated with numbers of visits for vaccinations suggests that some component or components of vaccines have progressively adverse effects.”
We hope you will join us in supporting more study of autism and its rapid rate of increase.
Expressing Gratitude this Week
After a few hours of sleep Friday night, I woke up feeling very tuned into to my late mother. We “talked” for about three hours and then I was able to drift back to sleep. Mom was a crusader in the fifties, sixties and seventies – for good food and nutrition education, for civil rights, for sex education for teens, against nuclear proliferation, and she was a very early adopter for organic farming – all of this in the backdrop of a very Protestant white traditional farming community in the heart of the Midwest in Milledgeville, IL. Last night she seemed to be checking in with me to cheer me on to continue to take the difficult actions on the challenging issues of my time. Thanks, mom. It seems to be ingrained in me. It often isn’t fun, and sometimes gets folks upset at me, which I don’t enjoy. And as I sit in my seventies, I daily pray for the grace to navigate lovingly with critical thinking through this unprecedented time which seems to be reminiscent of the sixties with its intensity and multi-faceted issues and concerns.
2025 MHOF CSA
This week we will take a closer look at spinach, radishes, and peppermint, crop numbers 8, 9 and 10 on our CSA list.
We offered spinach the first two weeks of the summer CSA and then 4 weeks of the fall CSA. This is a cold weather crop, thus the timing of harvest. If I were to choose one crop that was of the highest quality in 2024, it would be the fall spinach.
Firstly, spinach is exceptionally nutrient-dense, containing a variety of essential vitamins and minerals. It is particularly high in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals such as iron and calcium (P, 2024; Liu, 2024). The presence of these nutrients contributes to various bodily functions, including immune support, bone health, and the maintenance of healthy vision.
Additionally, spinach is low in calories and high in dietary fiber, making it an excellent choice for weight management and digestive health (Iacobellis, 2024; Shere et al., 2020). The antioxidant properties of spinach are another significant attribute. Spinach is rich in phytochemicals, including flavonoids and carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, which are known for their ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress (Nemzer et al., 2021; Roberts & Moreau, 2016). These compounds have been linked to a lower risk of chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Nemzer et al., 2021; Roberts & Moreau, 2016). Specifically, lutein and zeaxanthin are particularly beneficial for eye health, helping to prevent age-related macular degeneration (Iacobellis, 2024; Nemzer et al., 2021). Moreover, spinach contains various bioactive compounds that confer additional health benefits. For instance, the presence of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K in spinach supports bone health, while its anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to cardiovascular health by reducing arterial inflammation (Mehbatool, 2024).
The consumption of spinach has also been associated with improved metabolic health, including better regulation of blood sugar levels and reduced risk of obesity (Roberts & Moreau, 2016). Furthermore, spinach’s high content of dietary nitrates has been shown to enhance exercise performance by improving blood flow and reducing the oxygen cost of exercise (Iacobellis, 2024; Shere et al., 2020).
We offered radishes 7 times in 2024, more than usual, and we have just put together our plans to plant 5 successions of them in 2025. I am convinced that we would be wise to eat a radish or two before each meal – if not on our salad.
One of the most significant attributes of radishes is their high dietary fiber content, which plays a crucial role in promoting digestive health. Fiber aids in the regulation of bowel movements by adding bulk to the stool, which can help prevent constipation (Dardona, 2023). The soluble fiber found in radishes can also help to manage blood sugar levels by slowing the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, thus contributing to better metabolic health (Fuente et al., 2019). Furthermore, the water content in radishes, which is approximately 95%, also aids in hydration and supports digestive processes (Dardona, 2023).
In addition to fiber, radishes contain glucosinolates, which are sulfur-containing compounds that have been shown to possess various health benefits, including those related to digestion. Upon digestion, glucosinolates are converted into bioactive compounds such as isothiocyanates, which have been linked to improved gut health. These compounds can modulate gut microbiota composition, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful strains (Rosés et al., 2023; Abellán et al., 2021). This modulation of gut microbiota is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system and preventing gastrointestinal disorders.
Moreover, radish greens have been identified as a source of polysaccharides that exhibit prebiotic effects. These polysaccharides can enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, leading to increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and contribute to gut health (Lee et al., 2023). The production of SCFAs is beneficial as they serve as an energy source for colon cells and help to maintain the integrity of the gut lining, thus preventing conditions such as leaky gut syndrome.
Additionally, radishes are recognized for their detoxifying properties. They can stimulate bile production, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. This stimulation can enhance the overall digestive process and promote liver health (Ramírez et al., 2023). The presence of antioxidants in radishes, such as vitamin C and various phenolic compounds, also supports digestive health by reducing oxidative stress in the gut (AL‐Huqail et al., 2022; Fuente et al., 2019).
I love peppermint! We gave it out about 3-4 times last year. As with spearmint, our patch is not big enough, and I hope to improve the growing area.
One of the most significant components of peppermint is its essential oil, which contains menthol and menthone. These compounds have been shown to exert various physiological effects, including enhancing cognitive function and reducing mental fatigue. Research indicates that inhalation of peppermint essential oil can improve exercise performance and cognitive tasks by increasing neural activity and facilitating the elimination of mental fatigue Zhang et al. (2023)Meamarbashi & Rajabi, 2013). Additionally, peppermint has been associated with improved memory and alertness, making it a popular choice for enhancing focus and concentration (Kennedy et al., 2018).
The phenolic compounds found in peppermint, such as rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid, contribute to its antioxidant properties. These compounds help combat oxidative stress in the body, which is linked to various chronic diseases (Guemidi, 2024; Camele et al., 2021). Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals, thereby supporting overall health and potentially reducing the risk of conditions such as heart disease and cancer (Sharma, 2023). Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of peppermint oil make it effective against a range of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, which can be beneficial for maintaining oral health and preventing infections (Sahebnasagh et al., 2023; Camele et al., 2021).
Peppermint is also recognized for its digestive benefits. It has been traditionally used to alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort, including symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and indigestion. The antispasmodic properties of menthol can help relax the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing symptoms such as bloating and cramping (Nayak et al., 2020). Additionally, peppermint tea is a popular remedy for soothing digestive issues and promoting overall gut health (Ishizaki, 2024).
Download the 2025 CSA Order Form
Farm Zoom Interviews: Why are you a CSA member?
Leslie and I have been really enjoying our customer interviews. We now have 10 completed and will publish a couple per week. This week we will visit with Teresa Wolcott from Holden who has been with us for 25 years, and Beth Callahan, moving into her fourth year with us. She resides in Rutland.
We are taking shares right now. Fill out the order form below.
Volunteering at MHOF
For now, we are only working Mondays and Fridays, but by April we will be working M, T, W, F, with a 2 ½ hour stint on Saturdays for those who can’t come during the week. Now is a good time to sign up for a season at the farm. Presently we are pruning apple trees, fixing bird houses and cutting, splitting and stacking firewood.
Regenerative Agriculture Podcast – John Kempf
Growing Prescription Quality Wheat with Bob Quinn
Bob was just visiting with us this past fall. What a vibrant guy in his mid-70’s, and he talks about our most favorite topic – nutrient density in crops. There is also some good stuff in here about seed oils, particle size of ground grains and the subsequent glycemic index.
8-week-old Laying Chicks Available for Purchase June 16
As we usually do, we will have young layers available for you to purchase from us to take home and start, or add to, you flock. They will have been in the brooder house for the first 4 weeks, and then spent their next 4 weeks on pasture. The young birds should start laying around the middle of September to the beginning of October.
This year our hens will be coming from Murray McMurray and the variety is red sex links.
Contact Julie at julie@mhof.net or 978-257-1192.
MHSC
We only need $2955 more to have our 16 shares for the Worcester Fridges paid for. If you would like to send some money our way, we can complete this goal and then move onto our new project to offer donations to the Barre Food Pantry. We were lucky to receive a $750 donation this week to the MHSC. You can donate here.
Donate to MHSC Community Fridge program
This Week’s Recipe from Jennifer: Roasted Beets with Chickpeas & Mustard Greens
Roasting beets with turmeric and cardamom naturally amplifies their sweetness while gently supporting healthy digestion (Agni). The purple onion offers a pleasant pungency, and mustard greens add a bold, bitter note that can help pacify Pitta and aid in cleansing. Meanwhile, chickpeas contribute an astringent, slightly drying quality—excellent for balancing Kapha—along with plant-based protein to stabilize Vata. Goat cheese lends tangy creaminess, ensuring the dish remains moist and satisfying. Finally, toasted pepitas provide a crunchy texture and healthy fats. Altogether, these flavors—sweet, pungent, and astringent—create a meal suitable for multiple constitutions, with mindful portioning and added warming spices if needed for Kapha.
Get the recipe at Jen Zen Living
Jennifer On Eating Real Food
A very thorough and educational piece – enjoy!
Breaking Up with Processed Foods: How to Raise Healthy Kids and Eat Real Food
Now Available at the Farm
We have much available at the farm right now.
Frozen foods including lard, chicken, apple and pear sauce and more, fresh eggs, shelf-stable items including juices and dried peaches, tinctures, and personal care soaps and salves.
Gut Health
I have decided to go on a deep dive into gut health. About 10 years ago I did a similar deep dive into soil health. They are clearly linked in my mind. Having signed up for an in depth course on the topic through Rebel Health – Build your Resilient Gut Biome and Beyond, and also having recently paid for an annual subscription to Scite – an ai source for scientific research, I will be writing to each week for a while on the topic of the gut biome. I am going to leave out the links to keep this as short as possible, but links to significant studies on this topic are available to be researched.
The first topic that I would like to investigate with you is butyrate. Here is today’s question.
Why is butyrate so important to gut health?
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that plays a vital role in maintaining gut health through various mechanisms. Its importance stems from its function as a primary energy source for colonocytes (the cells lining the colon), its anti-inflammatory properties, and its regulatory effects on gut microbiota and immune responses.
- Energy Source for Colonocytes Butyrate is the preferred energy substrate for colonocytes, which rely on it for their metabolic functions and maintenance of epithelial integrity. This energy supply is crucial for the proliferation and differentiation of these cells, which helps maintain the structural integrity of the intestinal lining. A healthy epithelial barrier is essential for preventing conditions such as leaky gut syndrome, which can lead to systemic inflammation and various gastrointestinal disorders.
- Anti-inflammatory Properties Butyrate exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects, which are critical for gut health. It helps to regulate the immune response in the gut by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs).This immunomodulatory action is particularly beneficial in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where butyrate has been shown to ameliorate inflammation and promote healing of the intestinal mucosa.
- Regulation of Gut Microbiota Butyrate plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiota composition. It promotes the growth of beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria while inhibiting pathogenic species, thereby maintaining a balanced gut microbiome. A diverse and balanced microbiota is essential for optimal gut function and overall health. Studies have shown that diets high in fiber, which lead to increased butyrate production, are associated with a more favorable gut microbiome profile.
- Enhancement of Gut Barrier Function Butyrate strengthens the intestinal barrier by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins, which help to seal the spaces between epithelial cells. This action reduces intestinal permeability and prevents the translocation of harmful substances from the gut lumen into the bloodstream, thereby protecting against systemic inflammation and infection.
- Influence on Gut Motility and Endocrine Functions Butyrate has been shown to influence gut motility and regulate gut endocrine functions, which are essential for proper digestion and nutrient absorption. It stimulates the secretion of gut hormones that are involved in appetite regulation and metabolic processes, thereby contributing to overall metabolic health.
- Potential Anticancer Effects Research suggests that butyrate may have protective effects against colorectal cancer. It has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth through various mechanisms, including the modulation of gene expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation. The presence of adequate butyrate levels in the colon is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, highlighting its potential as a preventive agent Butyrate is crucial for gut health due to its role as an energy source for colonocytes, its anti-inflammatory properties, its ability to regulate gut microbiota, and its enhancement of gut barrier function. Additionally, butyrate influences gut motility and has potential anticancer effects, making it a key player in maintaining gastrointestinal health and preventing disease.
Next week we will talk about how butyrate works in the gut biome.
Cosmic Encounter wins the 2025 Board Game Geek Hall of Fame
Cosmic Encounter: 2025 BoardGameGeek Hall of Fame Inductee
“One of he most influential games in the world!”
“One of the greatest games ever made.”
Jack was one of the designers of this game, and some have said that it was a toss up for his reasons for falling in love with me between my singing of West Side Story songs on the Redline in Boston (on the way ack from the bi-centennial celebration at the Hatch Shell), or because I was a great Cosmic Encounter player.
Farm Doin’s
More apple pruning
Marcia prefers not to prune and instead is our head drag it off and pile it for our later bonfire
and wood cutting and splitting this week continued. We now have filled one of our woodsheds and have a row in the next (6 rows to go). Friday afternoon found Justin, Amanda and me slipping and sliding on the sheet of ice that had formed in the garage woodshed.
Stu and Danny made huge progress on constructing 2 new mobile chicken houses on Monday.
Matt has taken on the role of instructor in his tractor driving school. Here he is with one of his recent graduates.
Paula drives almost as well as Clare, in my opinion: she can back up the truck to the back porch without the least bit of anxiety. In 43 years, I have never risked falling off the edge of that hill with the truck.
Amanda came over for an extra day this past week and by Friday we had finished our planting schedule and vegetable maps. All we need to do yet is insert the cover cropping and tarping schedule.
Julie
January 31st in the pond orchard
Quick Links
Buy Meat
2025 CSA Order Form
Contact Julie
Products Available Now at the Farm
Become a working shareholder
Donate to the MHSC
Workshops
Buy J and J’s book
Many Hands Make a Farm
https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/many-hands-make-a-farm/
